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Chapter 4

A Modern, Thriving Society

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The UK Today

The UK is a diverse, multi-ethnic society. About 10% of the population comes from ethnic minorities. The UK has a long history of immigration and continues to welcome people from around the world.

Key Points

  • Population: About 65 million people

  • About 30% have a parent or grandparent born outside the UK

  • London is one of the most diverse cities in the world

  • English is the main language, but many languages are spoken

Religion in the UK

The UK has religious freedom. You can practice any religion or none at all. Christianity is the largest religion, but there are also significant Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Jewish, and Buddhist communities.

Key Points

  • Church of England (Anglican Church) - the established church in England

  • Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) - the national church in Scotland

  • About 10% of the population regularly attends religious services

Must Know

  • Freedom of religion is a fundamental right

  • Church of England in England, Church of Scotland in Scotland

Customs and Traditions

The UK has many festivals and traditions throughout the year. Some are religious, others are cultural. All are part of British life.

Key Points

  • Christmas (25 December) - major holiday, both religious and cultural

  • New Year (1 January) - New Year's Eve called 'Hogmanay' in Scotland

  • Valentine's Day (14 February) - celebration of romantic love

  • Easter - Christian festival celebrating resurrection of Jesus

  • Remembrance Day (11 November) - honours those who died in wars